肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞对直肠癌术前放疗预后的影响

目的 探讨直肠痛肿瘤组织内术前放疗后浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)数量改变对预后的影响.方法 搜集近8年余接受30 Gy分10次12 d完成的术前放疗的直肠癌患者107例,分析TIL分级与术前放疗后病理消退程度及预后关系.结果 直肠癌放疗前TIL 1级75例,2级16例,3级16例,4级0例,术前放疗后TIL 1级19例,2级43例,3级35例,4级10例.放疗后病理消退分级1级36例,2级57例,3级14例.单因素分析发现放疗前及放疗后TIL对局部病理消退影响有统计学意义(X2=36.80,P<0.01;X2=14.00,P<0.01);术前放疗后癌巢内TIL及病理消退对预后影响显著(X2=24.00,P<0.01;X2=12.17,P<0.01).Logistic多元分析提示放疗后TIL与病理消退关系密切(X2=8.05,P<0.01).结论 放疗前及放疗后TIL与直肠癌术前放疗局部病理消退相关.直肠癌术前放疗后癌巢TIL是影响生存预后的因素之一.     

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞对直肠癌术前放疗预后的影响

目的 探讨直肠痛肿瘤组织内术前放疗后浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)数量改变对预后的影响.方法 搜集近8年余接受30 Gy分10次12 d完成的术前放疗的直肠癌患者107例,分析TIL分级与术前放疗后病理消退程度及预后关系.结果 直肠癌放疗前TIL 1级75例,2级16例,3级16例,4级0例,术前放疗后TIL 1级19例,2级43例,3级35例,4级10例.放疗后病理消退分级1级36例,2级57例,3级14例.单因素分析发现放疗前及放疗后TIL对局部病理消退影响有统计学意义(X2=36.80,P<0.01;X2=14.00,P<0.01);术前放疗后癌巢内TIL及病理消退对预后影响显著(X2=24.00,P<0.01;X2=12.17,P<0.01).Logistic多元分析提示放疗后TIL与病理消退关系密切(X2=8.05,P<0.01).结论 放疗前及放疗后TIL与直肠癌术前放疗局部病理消退相关.直肠癌术前放疗后癌巢TIL是影响生存预后的因素之一.     

肝转移出现的时段对非小细胞肺癌预后的影响

目的：探讨肝脏转移出现的时段对非小细胞肺癌患者生存的影响。方法：选择1999-01/2006-09在我院死亡的非小细胞肺癌238例,回顾分析肝转移出现时间对预后的影响。结果：肺癌患者初诊时出现肝转移20例,中位生存期7（5,9）个月;初次诊断无肝转移253例,中位生存期13（12,14）个月,差异显著（P=0.008 5）。而总患病期间出现肝转移以及首发肝转移对预后影响不显著。结论：初诊时出现肝脏转移是非小细胞肺癌患者显著影响预后的因素。     

鼻咽癌放疗效果与p53基因多态关系的临床研究

目的 探讨p53基因的单核苷酸多态与鼻咽癌(NPC)放疗为主的治疗效果的关系.方法 应用PCRRFLP(聚合酶链反应-限制性片断长度多态性)分析方法,对74例以放疗为主治疗的NPC患者,进行p53第72密码子Arg-Pro多态检测,治疗结束后进行效果评价.以非条件Logistic回归模型比较不同基因型与治疗效果的关系.结果 携带Arg/72Pro基因型患者的疗效是携带72Arg/Arg与Pro/Pro基因型患者的2.49倍(95%CI=0.913～6.810,P=0.075);Ⅰ Ⅱ期患者的疗效是Ⅲ Ⅳ期的3.32倍(95%CI=1.028～10.720,P=0.045);男性患者的疗效是女性的2.39倍(95%CI=0.862～6.670,P=0.094);年龄不是影响敏感性的因素(P=0.194);治疗方式的不同,对疗效未见显著影响.结论 与其他两种基因型的携带者相比,携带p53第72密码子Arg/Pro基因型鼻咽癌患者的疗效有可能提高.     

局部进展期鼻咽癌同期放化疗卡培他滨联合顺铂剂量递增的Ⅰ期临床研究

Objective To decrease radiation induced toxicities especially mucostis in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma( NPC ) who underwent concurrent radiochemotherapy, the maximum tolerated dose and dose limited toxicities of capecitabine combination with cisplatin were observed. Methods From Aug 2006 to Oct 2007, 24 patients with intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) and concurrent chemotherapy with capecitabine and cisplatin for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ) were enrolled in this study. There were four dose-level groups of Capecitabine[625-1250 mg/(m2 ·d) , d1-14]and fixed cisplatin dose[20 mg/(m ·d) ,d1-5) ]MRI and CT scan were used for evaluation of tumor shrinkage. Treatment related toxicities were evaluated according to the common toxicity criteria( NCI-CTC Version 3.0). Results The acute side-effects include Grade 3 or Grade 4 mucosal toxicity(lasting for at least 5 d) and Grade 3 or Grade 4 non-mucosal toxicity were evaluated. Group 625 mg/m2 and Group 825 mg/m2 had none, Group 1000 mg/m2 had 6 patients and Group 1250 mg/m2 had 3 patients for mucosal toxicity, which were the main dose-limited toxicity and relevant to the dose of capecitabine apparently( P < 0. 05 ). There was also a trend of increase by the dose level of capecitabine for other toxicities. The median follow-up time for all patients was 28. 5 months. The locoregional recurrence occurred in 2 patients and distant metastasis in 2 patients. Two-year overall survival rate and locoregional control rate were 100% and 91.7%, respectively.Complete response and partialresponse were found on MRI or CT scan in patients of 29. 2% at the end of treatment and 83. 3% after three months, respectively. Conclusions The combination regimen of capecitabine and cisplatin is safe and effective according to the preliminary result. Toxicities related to radiochemotherapy for NPC were significantly associated with the dose level of chemotherapy.     

局部进展期鼻咽癌快速旋转调强与固定野动态调强放疗的剂量学比较

目的 比较快速旋转调强与固定野动态调强放疗技术在局部进展期鼻咽癌治疗中的剂量学差异.方法 选取10例局部进展期鼻咽癌患者,采用两种治疗技术设计同步推量调强放疗计划.在满足95%计划靶体积达60 Gy情况下,比较两种计划的剂量体积直方图、靶区和危及器官剂量、机器跳数、治疗时间.结果 快速旋转调强与固定野动态调强放疗计划在局部进展期鼻咽癌治疗剂量学上无差异.快速旋转调强计划比固定野动态调强放疗技术的靶区平均剂量略升高,最大、最小剂量无差异,脑干、下颌骨及整个治疗区域正常组织受量降低,腮腺、视神经、晶体等危及器官剂量无差异.快速旋转调强计划比固定野动态调强放疗计划的总机器跳数平均减少了57%(589.5 MU:1381.0 MU),每次治疗时间平均减少了70%(2.33 min:7.82 min).结论 两种放疗技术的治疗计划剂量分布基本一致,均能满足临床治疗需要.快速旋转调强放疗每次治疗时间明显缩短,其总机器跳数的降低减少了正常组织受照剂量.     

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞对直肠癌术前放疗预后的影响

目的 探讨直肠痛肿瘤组织内术前放疗后浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)数量改变对预后的影响.方法 搜集近8年余接受30 Gy分10次12 d完成的术前放疗的直肠癌患者107例,分析TIL分级与术前放疗后病理消退程度及预后关系.结果 直肠癌放疗前TIL 1级75例,2级16例,3级16例,4级0例,术前放疗后TIL 1级19例,2级43例,3级35例,4级10例.放疗后病理消退分级1级36例,2级57例,3级14例.单因素分析发现放疗前及放疗后TIL对局部病理消退影响有统计学意义(X2=36.80,P<0.01;X2=14.00,P<0.01);术前放疗后癌巢内TIL及病理消退对预后影响显著(X2=24.00,P<0.01;X2=12.17,P<0.01).Logistic多元分析提示放疗后TIL与病理消退关系密切(X2=8.05,P<0.01).结论 放疗前及放疗后TIL与直肠癌术前放疗局部病理消退相关.直肠癌术前放疗后癌巢TIL是影响生存预后的因素之一.     

保乳术后固定野动态调强与容积调强放疗的剂量学比较

目的 比较早期乳腺癌保乳术后固定野动态调强与容积调强放疗治疗靶区和危及器官的剂量学差异.方法 20例左侧乳腺癌患者(均女性,24～75岁)保乳术后接受放疗,在同一患者CT影像上分别进行2野共面动态调强和容积调强(RapidArc)两种治疗计划设计.在剂量-体积直方图中读取两种计划的靶区剂量分布参数,心脏、双侧肺及对侧乳腺受照剂量和体积,对各参数的均数进行比较;并比较两者平均机器跳数和平均治疗时间的差异.结果 RapidArc较IMRT计划CTV V95%增加了0.65%(t=5.16,P=0.001),V105%下降了10.96%(t=-2.05,P=0.055),V110%下降了1.48%(t=-1.33,P=0.197).RapidArc计划的适形指数(CI)和均匀性指数(HI)均优于IMRT治疗计划,分别为0.88±0.02 vs 0.74±0.03(t=18.54,P＜0.001),1.11±0.01 Vs 1.12±0.02(t=-2.44,P=0.025).两种计划中左肺V20和Dmax比较差异无统计学意义,但在RapidArc计划中V10、V5、Dmix、Dmean明显增高,V5增高了接近30%.心脏V30和Dmax在两计划中无明显差异,而RapidArc计划的V10增加了18%,V5增加50%.RapidArc计划的右乳V5和右肺V5较IMRT分别增加了9.33%(t=9.31,P＜0.001)和3.04%(t=5.64,P＜0.001).RapidArc和IMRT平均机器跳数分别是608和437 MU(t=10.86,P＜0.001),平均治疗时间111.3和103.6 s(t=3.57,P=0.002).结论 早期乳腺癌保乳术后全乳腺RapidAre放疗与2野动态调强放疗相比,能明显改善靶区剂量分布均匀性.对于危及器官,高剂量区两种治疗计划之间无明显差异,低剂量区RapidArc的照射范围明显增加.与2野动态调强相比,RapidArc放疗机器跳数增加,治疗时间延长.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the dosimetric difference between volumetric are modulation with RapidArc and fixed field dynamic IMRT for breast cancer radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.Methods Twenty patients with early left-sided breast cancer received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.After target definition,treatment planning was performed by RapidAre and two fixed fields dynamic IMRT respectively on the same CT scan.The target dose distribution,homogeneity of the breast,and the irradiation dose and volume for the lungs,heart,and eontralateral breast were read in the dosevolume histogram (DVH) and compared between RapidAre and IMRT.The treatment delivery time and monitor units were also compared.Results In comparison with the IMRT planning,the homogeneity of clinical target volume (CTV) ,the volume proportion of 95% prescribed dose (V95%) was significantly higher by 0.65% in RapidAre (t =5.16,P = 0.001) ,and the V105% and V110% were lower by 10.96% and 1.48 % respectively,however,without statistical significance (t =-2.05 ,P =0.055 and t =-1.33 ,P =0.197).The conformal index of planning target volume (PTV) by the Rap~dAre planning was (0.88±0.02),significantly higher than that by the IMRT planning [(0.74±0.03),t = 18.54,P < 0.001].The homogeneity index (HI) of PTV by the RapidArc planning was 1.11±0.01,significantly lower than that by the IMRT planning (1.12±0.02,t =-2.44,P =0.02).There were no significant differences in the maximum dose (Dmax) and V20 for the ipsilateral lung between the RapidArc and IMRT planning,but the values of V10,V5 ,Dmin and Dmean by RapidArc planning were all significantly higher than those by the IMRT planning (all P < 0.01).The values of max dose and V30 for the heart were similar by both techniques,but the values of V10 and V5 by the RapidArc planning were significantly higher (by 18% and 50% ,respectively).The V5 of the contralateral breast and lung by the RapidArc planning were increased by 9.33% and 3.04% respectively compared to the IMRT planning.The mean MU of the RapidArc was 608 MU,significantly higher than that by the IMRT planning (437 MU,t = 10.86,P < 0.001).The treatment time by the RapidArc planning was 111.3 s,significantly longer than that by IMRT planning (103.6 s,t = 3.57,P = 0.002).Conclusions The RapidArc planning improves the dose distribution of CTV and homogeneity of PTV for breast cancer radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery.However,it significantly enlarges the volume of normal tissues irradiated in low dose areas,prolongs the treatment delivery time,and increases the MU value in comparison with IMRT.     

直肠癌术前放疗对癌巢内浸润T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

 目的 观察直肠癌术前放疗对癌巢内浸润T淋巴细胞亚群的影响.方法 选择1999年1月～2007年8月我院直肠癌单纯术前放疗患者1 07例入组研究,术前放疗30 Gy/10 f/12 d,2周后手术.回顾分析术前放疗对癌巢内T淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8数量的影响,并进行放疗前后自身对照分析.结果 放疗后CD3比放疗前显著增多(P<0.01),放疗后CD8数量显著下降(P<0.05), 放疗后CD4/CD8比放疗前升高(P<0.01).放疗后CD3数量级别与直肠癌术前放疗近期局部疗效关系密切(P<0.01).结论 直肠癌术前放疗后的癌巢组织中CD3 浸润数目增多,CD4/CD8比值升高,放疗后CD3数量与近期局部疗效相关.     

中心型肺癌快速旋转调强与固定射野动态调强放疗的剂量学比较

目的 比较快速旋转调强(RapidArc)与固定射野动态调强(dIMRT)两种调强放疗技术在中心型肺癌治疗计划中的剂量学差异。方法 利用瓦里安(Varian)计划系统(Eclipse 8.6)随机选取10例已行dIMRT治疗的中心型肺癌患者,采用容积调强(volumetric modulated arc therapy,VMAT)治疗技术设计RapidArc调强放疗计划。在满足靶区处方剂量要求(95%体积的PTV达到66 Gy)的情况下,通过剂量体积直方图DVH评价和比较两种类型治疗计划的PTV最大剂量 D_max、最小剂量 D _min和平均剂量 D_mean以及适形指数CI,危及器官的脊髓最大剂量 D _max,双肺的 V₅、V ₁₀、 V₂₀、 V₃₀,心脏 V₃₀,食管 V₅₀、V₆₀和平均剂量 D_mean,并比较两种治疗计划的总机器跳数(MU)和治疗时间。结果 在中心型肺癌治疗计划中,与dIMRT相比较,RapidArc靶区的 D _max、 D_min和 D_mean略有升高,但统计学差异无意义( P >0.05), 适形指数CI优于dIMRT,且差异具有统计学意义(t=-4.968,P=0.001)。双肺的 V₅、V₁₀有所上升, V₂₀、 V₃₀有所下降;心脏 V₃₀受照射体积也有不同程度降低,差异均具有统计学意义。RapidArc总MU减少32%,治疗时间为dIMRT的1/3。结论 两种治疗技术所设计的治疗计划剂量分布均能满足临床治疗需要。RapidArc靶区适形度更高,实际治疗时间明显缩短,同时MU的降低减少了治疗区域正常组织的不必要照射。